Nail salons can be the source of bacteria, fungi, viruses, and other infectious agents including hepatitis B, hepatitis C, and HIV. Patrons can contract these biologic hazards from salons that re-use utensils and instruments without properly cleaning them between patrons or ineffectively clean equipment. Bacteria and fungus from unclean nail tools can contribute to other serious conditions such as thrombophlebitis, osteomyelitis, and sepsis which require extensive and expensive medical attention to treat or cure.